According to a June 2018 Government Accountability Office report on artificial intelligence,
AI can be understood in the waves that the technology evolved. The
first wave describes AI via the use of algorithms and includes programs
like those that help prepare taxes or schedule logistics. The second
wave of AI is based on machine learning and unlike first wave,
second wave systems are designed to perceive and learn. Second wave
systems include those such as natural language processing and self-driving vehicles.
The third wave of AI combines both the first and second waves and adds
greater contextual sophistication. An example is a ship at sea that can
navigate without human intervention for a few months at time.
The
GAO report further evaluates AI’s impact in four key areas:
cybersecurity, automated vehicles, criminal justice, and financial
services. Each use case raises questions such as those probing
regulatory frameworks, data sharing, safety and privacy, ethical
considerations, data accuracy, etc.
The
report was part of the testimony provided by GAO chief scientist Dr.
Tim Persons for a House Science, Space and Technology Subcommittee
Hearing “Artificial Intelligence – With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility”
in June 2018. Other witnesses included Dr. Jaime Carbonell of Carnegie Mellon
University who was absent due to a medical emergency, Mr. Greg Brockman of OpenAI, and Dr.
Fei-Fei Li of AI4ALL.
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